This summary is adapted from ‘The role and requirements of digestible dietary carbohydrates in infants and toddlers’ by Stephen et al. 2012 Digestible carbohydrates are sugars and starches which can...

This article is adapted from effects of infant feeding with goat milk formula or cow milk formula on atopic dermatitis: protocol of the randomised controlled Goat Infant Formula Feeding and...

This summary is based on ‘The Effect of Goat-Milk-Based Infant Formulas on Growth and Safety Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ by Jankiewicz et al. 2023 There is increasing interest...

This summary is adapted from ‘Compositional and functional characteristics of goat milk and relevance as a base for infant formula’ by Prosser 2021 Global consumption of goat milk is increasing1....

This summary is adapted from Lactose intolerance and gastrointestinal cow’s milk allergy in infants and children – common misconceptions revisited Lactose intolerance develops in approximately 70% of the world’s population...

This summary is adapted from ‘Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Children: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis’ by Ambrozej et al. 2021 Fats are the largest energy source in human breast...

This summary is adapted from ‘Similarity Index for the Fat Fraction between Breast Milk and Infant Formulas’ by Hokkanen et al. 2022 Infants receive approximately 50% of their energy from...

Summary adapted from ‘The Duration, Frequency, and Volume of Exclusive Human Milk and/or Infant Formula Consumption and Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review’ by Dewey et al. 2020 This article...

This summary is adapted from ‘Iron Requirements of Infants and Toddlers’ by Magnus et al. 2014 Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency, with young children at a particularly...

This summary is based on ‘Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review’ by Almeida et al. 2021 Malnutrition contributes to...

This summary is adapted from ‘Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children’ by Hernell et al. 2016 There has long been research attempting to make infant...

This summary is adapted from ‘Compositional Dynamics of the Milk Fat Globule and Its Role in Infant Development’, by Lee et al. 2018. Milk fat globule (MFG) is a component...