Research Summaries

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This summary is adapted from ‘Compositional and functional characteristics of goat milk and relevance as a base for infant formula’ by Prosser 2021  Global consumption of goat milk is increasing1. In the past, raw goat milk was occasionally used to feed infants, however this is strongly discouraged now due to the risk of deficiencies and […]

This summary is based on ‘The Effect of Goat-Milk-Based Infant Formulas on Growth and Safety Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ by Jankiewicz et al. 2023 There is increasing interest in the use of goat milk based infant formula due to potential advantages over cow milk based formula. Goat milk based formulas have received regulatory […]

This summary is adapted from Lactose intolerance and gastrointestinal cow’s milk allergy in infants and children – common misconceptions revisited Lactose intolerance develops in approximately 70% of the world’s population after weaning1. It is caused by an inability to digest and absorb dietary lactose, due to insufficient levels of the biological molecule (enzyme) called lactase. […]

This summary is adapted from ‘Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Children: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis’ by Ambrozej et al. 2021 Fats are the largest energy source in human breast milk, contributing 40-55% of the total energy needed by the infant1. Fats are secreted by the mammary glands as droplets, enclosed by the milk fat […]

This summary is adapted from ‘Similarity Index for the Fat Fraction between Breast Milk and Infant Formulas’ by Hokkanen et al. 2022 Infants receive approximately 50% of their energy from fat present in breast milk or infant formula1. The fat content of human breast milk is very complex, with hundreds of different types of fat […]

Summary adapted from ‘The Duration, Frequency, and Volume of Exclusive Human Milk and/or Infant Formula Consumption and Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review’ by Dewey et al. 2020 This article was a systematic review of the literature aiming to determine the relationship between the duration, frequency, and volume of exclusive human milk and/or infant formula […]

This summary is adapted from ‘Iron Requirements of Infants and Toddlers’ by Magnus et al. 2014 Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency, with young children at a particularly high risk due to the increased iron requirements while rapidly growing. It is estimated that approximately 25% of preschool children have iron deficiency anaemia1. Prevalence […]

This summary is based on ‘Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review’ by Almeida et al. 2021 Malnutrition contributes to approximately 60% of annual deaths worldwide, many of which can be attributed to inappropriate feeding practices during the first year of life1. Breastfeeding is regarded […]

This summary is adapted from ‘Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children’ by Hernell et al. 2016 There has long been research attempting to make infant formula as similar to breast milk as possible. Aside from the major components, there is growing interest in some of the substances which are present […]